Principles of Behavioral Pharmacology

Written by: C. Robin Timmons (Drew University) and Leonard W. Hamilton (Rutgers University)

Previously published in 1990 under the title Principles of Behavioral Pharmacology. The copyright has now been assigned to the authors C. Robin Timmons and Leonard W. Hamilton who are now making this work freely available online under the title Drugs, Brains and Behavior. Do keep in mind that this psychological textbook may contain out of date information regarding specific drugs.

Each chapter includes a summary, a discussion of the principles presented and a hyperlinked list of the introduced terms. Behavioral neuroscience and other terms are defined in an extensive glossary.

Table of Contents for Drugs, Brains and Behavior Textbook

Chapter 1: Behavior and the Chemistry of the Brain
A. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS
Preamble
Folk Remedies
The Unveiling of Chemical Transmission
B. THE SYNAPSE AND CHEMICAL TRANSMISSION
Basic Principles
Major Features of Chemical Transmission
C. THE ORGANIZATION AND LOGIC OF CHEMICAL CODING
The Autonomic Nervous System as a Model
Receptor Sites
Chemical Coding of Brain Functions
D. INTERACTIONS OF BEHAVIOR, ENVIRONMENT AND BRAIN CHEMISTRY
Convergence of Disciplines
Dynamics of Brain Chemistry and Behavior
Chapter 2: General Methods of Brain/Behavior Analysis
A. SUBTRACTIVE LOGIC
The Lesion Experiment
Subtractive Logic in Pharmacological Experiments
B. BRAIN TRAUMA AND GENETIC “EXPERIMENTS”
Anatomical Destruction
Biochemical Disruption
C. THE ONTOGENY OF BRAIN CHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
Development of Brain Structure
Emergence of Behavior and Brain Chemistry
Chapter 3: Psychopharmacological Concepts
A. ROUTES OF DRUG ENTRY AND EXIT
Drug Administration
Oral administration.
Rectal administration.
Mucous membranes.
Inhalation.
Subcutaneous injection.
Intramuscular injection.
Intravenous injection.
Intraarterial injection.
Intraperitoneal injection.
Transpleural injection.
Intracranial injection.
Intrathecal injection.
Transdermal infusion.
Drug Disposition
Protein binding.
Liver enzymes.
Renal excretion.
Body surface.
Pools.
The Net Effect of Drug Entry and Exit
B. DOSAGE AND BEHAVIOR CONSIDERATIONS
Dose-Response Curves
Law of Initial Values
Drugs Have Multiple Effects
Individual Differences in Drug Effects
Calculating Drug Dosages
C. THE BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER
D. CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS
Methods of Classification
Behavioral Categories.
Biochemical Categories.
Structural Categories.
Categories are Useful in Understanding Drug Effects
Chapter 4: Specific Fears, Vague Anxieties And The Autonomic Nervous System
A. INTRODUCTION
B. EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS FOR THE STUDY OF FEAR
Pavlovian Conditioning
Delay conditioning
Trace conditioning
Instrumental Conditioning
Escape learning
Avoidance learning
Two factor theory
Generalized fears
Conditioned emotional response
Punishment
Conflict
Two way avoidance
The Human Condition
C. THE BODY’S RESPONSE TO FEAR AND ANXIETY
The Adrenal Flight or Fight Response
General Adaptation Syndrome
Surgical Shock
Sudden Death
Ulcers
Executive monkeys
The triad design
Control of stressors
Prediction of stressors
Presence of conflict
Stressors Revisited
D. THE PHARMACOLOGY OF STRESS RESPONSES
The Search for Autonomic Stabilizers
The Tranquilizers (Phenothiazines)
The Antianxiety Drugs (Benzodiazepines)
From Laboratory to Clinic and Back
Receptors for Phenothiazines
Receptors for Benzodiazepines
Anticholinergics as Anti-punishment Drugs
Treatment of Ulcers
E. THE AUTONOMIC RESPONSE: CHICKEN OR EGG?
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Schachter and Singer’s Model
Chapter 5: Pain and Other Stressors
A. INTRODUCTION
B. THE REGULATION OF PAIN PERCEPTION
Pain Pathways and Measurement of Pain
The Discovery of Opiate Receptors
Pain Reduction Systems
Behavioral Effects on Pain Reduction
Interpretation of pain.
Placebo and acupuncture.
An Overview of the Pain Response
C. IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSES TO PAIN AND STRESS
Survey of the Immune System
The biological self.
Humoral responses.
Cellular responses.
Behavioral Effects on the Immune System
Interpretation of the environment.
Learned immune responses.
Interaction with endorphins.
Implications for receptor function.
Autoimmunity and behavioral disorders.
D. AN OVERVIEW OF THE RESPONSES TO STRESS
Chapter 6: Depression and the Reward System
A. INTRODUCTION
The Nature of the Disorder
Clues for a Laboratory Model
Pavlovian fear and avoidance behavior
Pavlovian fear and learned helplessness
Contingency space
Human models
Clues for the Chemical Foundations of Depression
B. CATECHOLAMINES AND THE REWARD SYSTEM
Medial Forebrain Bundle and Reward
Pharmacology of Reward
Transmitter depletion
Neurotoxins
Pituitary and adrenal responses
Overview
C. BEHAVIORS THAT CHANGE THE BRAIN’S REWARD SYSTEM
Neurochemical Effects of Helplessness
Isolation experiments
Coping responses
Enzyme changes
Autoreceptor model
D. THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES
Special Problems of Treatment
Remission problems
Drug problems
The Role of Monoamine Oxidase
MAO inhibitors
Reserpine model
MAO isozymes
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Choosing the Drug
Why the Delay?
Lithium Therapy
Electroconvulsive Therapy
E. BEHAVIORAL APPROACHES
Stress and Neurochemistry
Stamping in failure
Positive effects
Reward and Neurochemistry
The False Perception of Control
Chapter 7: Schizophrenia as a Model of Dopamine Dysfunction
A. INTRODUCTION
B. CLASSIFICATION OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
C. EVIDENCE FOR BIOLOGICAL BASES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Distribution of Occurrence
Genetic Patterns
Drug Effects and Schizophrenia
D. BIOLOGICAL MODELS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Searching for a Chemical Label
The DBH Model
Rationale
DBH as a rate limiter
Other Dopamine Models
Metabolic pathway theories
Receptor theories
Endorphin contributions
The dynamic synapse
Movement Disorders
Chapter 8: General Arousal
A. INTRODUCTION
B. SLEEP, AROUSAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
Brain Mechanisms of Arousal
Sleep and the EEG
Circadian Rhythms
Arousal as Reward
C. DRUGS THAT INCREASE AROUSAL
Strychnine, Picrotoxin and Pentylenetetrazol
The Xanthine Derivatives
Nicotine
Sympathomimetics
Amphetamines
Cocaine
D. DRUGS THAT DECREASE AROUSAL
Benzodiazepines and Barbiturates
Alcohol
Anticholinergic Drugs
E. DRUGS THAT CHANGE PERCEPTION
Chapter 9: Tolerance, Drug Abuse And Habitual Behaviors
A. MECHANISMS OF TOLERANCE
General Features
Tachyphylaxis
Changes in Receptor Sensitivity
Enzyme Induction
Rebound Effects
B. BEHAVIORAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Behavioral Tolerance
Pre-Post design.
Environment and ritual.
Opponent Process Theory
C. FOUNDATIONS OF ABUSE
Terminology
Self Administration
Reinforcement restructured.
Environmental bridges.
Breaking the Cycle
   

View this Free Online Material at the source:
 
Principles of Behavioral Pharmacology


Real Time Web Analytics