An Introduction to Chemistry

They used to call these sorts of offers “donationware.” Author Mark Bishop offers his entire chemistry textbook free online but he does hope that anyone who finds his textbook and the accompanying tools useful, will donate towards his time and expenses or purchase a printed version. The entire site is also available to purchase on DVD.

An Introduction to Chemistry is a true beginner’s chemistry course in that is designed to prepare students for general college chemistry. Bishop has taught introductory chemistry for over 30 years. There is a bit of an interesting twist to how he has structured his textbook – there are two different versions. The “atoms-first” version of the textbook is designed to smoothly flow from one topic to the next. The “chemistry-first” version introduces things like the nature of atoms and chemical elements early but leaves the more complete explanation of modern atomic theory until later in the textbook – the more typical presentation used in most chemistry textbooks.

The textbook is offered as a series of PDF files. They are fully illustrated with colored pictures and graphics. At least one of the sections was narrated by the author.

Rather than include two versions of the table of contents, I have included the “Atoms-first” version as I believe that is the version Bishop believes will make understanding the concepts easier for students.

Preface

CHAPTER 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

1.1 An Introduction to Chemistry

1.2 Suggestions for Studying Chemistry

1.3 The Scientific Method

1.4 Measurement and Units

1.5 Reporting Values from Measurements

CHAPTER 2: UNIT CONVERSIONS

2.1 Unit Analysis

2.2 Rounding and Significant Figures

2.3 Density and Density Calculations

2.4 Percentage and Percentage Calculations

2.5 A Summary of the Unit Analysis Process

2.6 Temperature Conversions

CHAPTER 3: THE STRUCTURE OF MATTER AND THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS

3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases

3.2 The Chemical Elements

3.3 The Periodic Table of the Elements

3.4 The Structure of the Elements

3.5 Common Elements

3.6 Relating Mass to Number of Particles

CHAPTER 4: MODERN ATOMIC THEORY

4.1 Energy

4.2 The Mysterious Electron

4.3 Multi-Electron Atoms

CHAPTER 5: CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

5.1 Classification of Matter

5.2 Compounds and Chemical Bonds

5.3 Ionic Compounds

5.4 Molecular Compounds

5.5 Drawing Lewis Structures

5.6 Resonance

5.7 Molecular Geometry from Lewis Structures

CHAPTER 6: MORE ON CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

6.1 Ionic Nomenclature

6.2 Binary Covalent Nomenclature

6.3 Acids

6.4 Acid Nomenclature

6.5 Summary of Chemical Nomenclature

6.6 Molar Mass and Chemical Compounds

6.7 Relationships Between Masses of Elements and Compounds

6.8 Determination of Empirical and Molecular Formulas

CHAPTER 7: AN INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL REACTIONS

7.1 Chemical Reactions and Chemical Equations

7.2 Liquid Water and Water Solutions

7.3 Precipitation Reactions

7.4 Chemical Changes and Energy

CHAPTER 8: ACIDS, BASES, AND ACID-BASE REACTIONS

8.1 Strong and Weak Bases

8.2 pH and Acidic and Basic Solutions

8.3 Arrhenius Acid-Base Reactions

8.4 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

CHAPTER 9: OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS

9.1 An Introduction to Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

9.2 Oxidation Numbers

9.3 Types of Chemical Reactions

9.4 Voltaic Cells

CHAPTER 10: CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS AND CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

10.1 Equation Stoichiometry

10.2 Real-World Applications of Equation Stoichiometry

10.3 Molarity and Equation Stoichiometry

CHAPTER 11: GASES

11.1 Gases and Their Properties

11.2 Ideal Gas Calculations

11.3 Equation Stoichiometry and Ideal Gases

11.4 Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

CHAPTER 12: LIQUIDS: CONDENSATION, EVAPORATION, AND DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM

12.1 Changing from Gas to Liquid and from Liquid to Gas — An Introduction to Dynamic Equilibrium

12.2 Boiling Liquids

12.3 Particle-Particle Attractions

CHAPTER 13: SOLUTION DYNAMICS

13.1 Why Solutions Form

13.2 Fats, Oils, Soaps, and Detergents

13.3 Saturated Solutions and Dynamic Equilibrium

13.4 Solutions of Gases in Liquids

CHAPTER 14: THE PROCESS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS

14.1 Collision Theory: A Model for the Reaction Process

14.2 Rates of Chemical Reactions

14.3 Reversible Reactions and Chemical Equilibrium

14.4 Disruption of Equilibrium

CHAPTER 15: AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND SYNTHETIC POLYMERS

15.1 Organic Compounds

15.2 Important Substances in Food

15.3 Digestion

15.4 Synthetic Polymers

CHAPTER 16: NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

16.1 The Nucleus and Radioactivity

16.2 Uses for Radioactive Substances

16.3 Nuclear Energy

APPENDIX A: MEASUREMENT AND UNITS

APPENDIX B: SCIENTIFIC NOTATION

ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS

GLOSSARY

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An Introduction to Chemistry